Essentially no processors follow a standard. There are some that have become a de facto standard and had both backwards compatibility and clones produced like x86. But it is certainly not an open standard, and many lawsuits have been filed to limit the ability of other companies to produce compatible replacement chips.

RISC-V is an attempt to make an open instruction set that any manufacturer can make a compatible chip for, and any software developer can code for.

Secondhand stuff can be really cheap if you know where to look, but the drawbacks are usually power and noise.

I wouldn’t start worrying until 50k+ hours.

There should be a way to view SMART info and that includes an hour count.

No, it’s just a CPU with very good integrated graphics, sufficient to beat many cheaper GPUs.

Assuming you’re serious, no.

Most modern laptops have soldered down CPUs. Even with older or higher power models that are socketed, it’s been a few decades since they were physically interchangeable between brands, and laptops generally used different sockets to desktops. Sockets also only last a couple of generations.

You can probably buy a ThinkPad with the (lower power/performance) laptop version of this chip, though

Let me introduce you to ebm-pabst.

Plenty of modern rolling stock already has water cooled power electronics, oil-cooled transformers, and I’m sure there’s RGB passenger information displays.

They also laugh at your little 120/140/200mm fans.

That means no need to cool the hydrogen down, making it non-flammable and giving it a higher density than an ion-lithium battery.

Hot hydrogen burns just as well as cold hydrogen. Better, in fact.

How do you spot a greenwash vaporware startup? They promise the earth, use non-existent tech that, if it existed, would be better used in a dozen different places, and target it at residential customers with a subscription model, where the pricing is set before even the specifications.

Yes, or at least 9 when the seed numbers were last checked, which shouldn’t change too quickly.

As for why seed numbers listed on trackers are significantly larger than those found by actual clients, who knows.

Not all seeds are online 24/7. Sometimes leaving the torrent running for hours or days can allow you to download it when that PC/server gets switched on.

But how do you determine what’s just ‘fixing poor wording’ and what’s actively hiding major bias or retcons of history?

Radio NZ got caught a year or so ago with a staffer who was editing articles syndicated from Reuters to be more pro-Russian. Should they be able to sweep that under the rug and claim it was only ever the one article they got caught on?

Likewise, bin Laden was originally hailed as an anti-Soviet freedom fighter. The articles relating to that are part of the historical record and kinda important.

Allowing the historical record to be retconned with impunity was probably the defining trait of 1984. It’s really not a path you want to go down.

Many of these are defaults dating back to the Unix days, particularly tar (tape archive) and gzip.

Krita (KRA), GIMP (XCF), and Photoshop (PSD) save files in a lossless internal format that preserves layers etc. Every time you open and save a jpg, it gets worse, and that’s not acceptable for professional use. If all you want is to crop/draw on images, something like KolourPaint is probably a better choice.

MP4 is/was patent encumbered depending on jurisdiction.

Using a USB car charger to get the Pi’s 5V from the 12V is likely going to be easier. I don’t think you’re going to find what you’re looking for otherwise.

It’s not impossible. You generally want >330VDC, because you want the DC voltage to exceed the AC peak voltage, even at low state-of-charge. Expect about 90-95S.

There are some LV DC (extra-low-voltage is <120VDC) products on the market already: https://www.fronius.com/en/solar-energy/installers-partners/technical-data/all-products/inverters/fronius-symo-gen24-plus/fronius-symo-gen24-3-0-plus

Because you’re doing a series-parallel transform, the stress on the battery doesn’t actually change. There’s less current, but there’s also fewer cells in parallel to share that current. The power-per-cell is constant.

48V and higher systems are quite common in higher-power off grid setups, and that’s high enough that wire sizing etc. is reasonable at typical domestic loads. The main gain against those is that you potentially get to lose the isolation stage between the battery and the mains. The inverter itself will still have non-negligible losses.

However, a floating LV DC battery is not to be trifled with. BMS design is tricky; I believe a bunch of isolated sub-BMSs handling a few cells each is common, with isolated comms between them. You also need active earth fault detection usually, because the pack can’t be grounded.

EVs use a separate 12V battery to power the controls to check the system is safe and communicate with the BMS, before closing a vacuum contactor to enable the HV battery. It’s likely you’d need a similar system for this.

Pricing up switches/breakers/contactors rated for 500VDC is also not very pleasant.